Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter 2013

Nowadays, Most of the cities, especially metropolises of developing countries are engaged with environmental issues like air and water pollution, waste increase and etc., that lead to the environmental destruction. Meanwhile sustainable urban development, provides the balance between development and the environment, and supplies the current generation needs while keep its eyes on the next generation rights and respects it. This survey goes through the conceptual and theoretical sustainable urban development, and the environmental index situation in Tehran, as a metropolis, based on the available data. The study’s method is a combination of documentary-librarian methods and data and available studies analyzing. Regarding that sustainable urban development indexes can be divided into environmental, social and economic indices, environmental indexes is one of the most important sustainable development indexes. The data shows that based of environmental indexes, high rate of air pollution and energy consumption and high rate of waste production, Tehran is away far from the desirable sustainable development situation. Generally, the results of this study imply that Tehran is not in an acceptable situation based on the environmental index ( air pollution , waste management , green and public space per- capita , clean transportation, energy consumption , water consumption , housing and patrimonial quality , sound pollution and etc.).

Family is the first and everlasting shelter for each human being. There is an urgent need for Elderly parent to be supported by his/her primary family group .Unfortunately; nowadays we witness families who cannot afford caring their elder parents at home and send them to a nursing house. The goal of this article is to clarify one of the most important excuses of ceasing family care because of low elderly socio-economic status .we compare two different socio-economic structures of families whose elder senior lives in Kahreezak nursing house and the second whose elder parent lives beside his/her supportive family. The method of research is descriptive-analytic, the aim is practical, the depth is wide-spread and by time it is cross-sectional. Data was collected by two separate researcher –made questionnaires for two groups of 200 Tehran elderly seniors living either with their families, or in a nursing house called"Kahreezak".The validity was checked formally and the reliability of tools was checked by internal convergence(Alpha 0.8). Research findings indicate: supporting or repelling the elderly parents from family is depended to the Socio-economic status of them. House conditions and accommodation feasibility is determinant in elder senior status in family.

Distribution and allocation of resources is affected by factors such as values, norms, social stratifications, ideology, information, coercion, political challenges, and even external factors. This finding means that there is always a fundamental tendency to redirect resources toward political goals instead of public interests and development. Because the resource structure is strongly influenced by political factors, there are real possibilities to deviate resources from its original function, which is public interest. What role does resources and especially resource management and allocation models have in development and how much is their strategic importance? Could national resources graded as the main and critical element in development which because of its vital and extended applications, development is undermined by it?

The aim of this study includes investigation into the impact of education based on Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) on educational achievement of high school students (Grade II) in mathematics from Garmsar City. The current study is of applied type in terms of nature since research is seeking for testing of some theoretical concepts in real and live situations. Whereas the present research deals with controlling and monitoring over some factors so it is of basic and final test administration in terms of semi- empirical method. According to the possibility for presence and administration of education done by researcher, statistical population of the present research includes 57 participants of high school students (Grade II) from Garmsar City, Semnan Province, Iran. Since it does not require using expensive tools for execution training based on Multiple Intelligence Theory so it is benefited from high capacity in terms of execution in the most underprivileged areas but to execute this type of training, we need to skillful and efficient teachers and principals since design of lessons for each subject requires teaching creativity, study and art; therefore, the sufficient time and cost should be spent to training such teachers. With the least facilities, any school may execute many activities that have been designed based on Gardner’s theory but since conditions of schools vary in different areas so teachers should plan and execute their activities with respect to conditions of classroom and school.

The aim of this research was to compare the influence of the use of Information Technology (IT) on creative thinking of students of computer (software branch) and education (primary school education) in Islamic Azad University of Zanjan. The population included all the male and female students of software engineering and primary school education during the semester of 90-91, amounting to 100 participants. The instrumentation was the test of creative thinking TORRANCE (pictorial form A) and analyzing the data was done with use of descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test) of the independent groups. The result of the research showed a significant difference between the means of software engineering students and that of primary school education regarding the creativity and quad factors of (expansion- fluency- flexibility- innovation). In addition, the results also showed that the use of IT can increase the creativity of students and accordingly, a good opportunity for increasing the quality of education could be achieved.

The study of design and formation of urban space focuses on interaction of human and environment. This is an attractive subject that considers as interdisciplinary debates. Thinkers of urban studies pay attention to this matter empirically and theoretically in order to provide a desirable space for human being. This research is based on the theories of urban studies and urban sociology and so on. The purpose of this research is the sociological explanation of sustainability of urban space. This is a survey research and data is collected through questionnaires distributed among 470 persons based on Cochran `s formula in Tehran`s 1,6,22 city districts which taken from household residing in Tehran`s 22 city district and were selected through cluster sampling- multi stage. Findings show that significant difference exists in sustainability of urban space among Tehran`s city districts as this level in no.22 is more than the others and in two other districts are partly the same .Testing hypotheses indicates that there is a significant relationship between social and cultural factors and socio-economic status of household residing in Tehran (given districts) with sustainability of urban space. It means that attention to human needs in design of urban space leads to the improvement of quality of urban environment and consequently effects on sustainability of urban space. Also the results of the multi-variable regression test with stepwise method show dependent variable of sustainability of urban space. Totally, variables such cultural factors, social factors and socio-economic status have more effects on sustainability of urban space. Finally, these variables explain 0/47 percent of dependent variable.

“Economic empowerment” is the ability of vulnerable women to make a decent living for themselves and their family. This ability not only helps them to meet their essential needs continuously, but also decreases the stress level and mental strains caused by deficiencies in the process of satisfying these needs. A range of fundamental and prevalent social issues affecting various societies usually have a different nature and dissimilar manifestations regarding women as compared to men. For instance, while poverty is considered one of the most prevailing and challenging social issues in different societies, analyzing its trends and its causing and intensifying factors regardless of gender could certainly lead to false results. This study has been conducted on the basis of analytical and descriptive research methodology aiming to plan and present a model for empowering vulnerable women based on grounded theory. The results of this study indicate that factors such as employment, balancing income and expenses, saving, and entrepreneurship have a decisive and significant role in perpetuating and stabilizing the economic empowerment of individuals.